1.	Scientists measured the concentration of the insecticide, DDT, in three animals and a microscopic plant called chlamydomonas.
(a)	The food chain for these four organisms is shown below.

not to scale
(i)	In the space below, draw the pyramid of numbers for this food chain. Write the name of the correct organism next to each section of the pyramid.

1 mark

(ii)	The bar chart shows the concentration of DDT in the four organisms.

	Give one reason for the difference in the concentration of DDT in these organisms.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)	In 1970 the average concentration of DDT in the tissues of sea lions in California was 760 parts per million. Nearly half the sea lion pups born in that year died because of high levels of DDT in their tissues.

	How does DDT get from the body of a mother sea lion into the body of her pup:
(i)	before the pup is born?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)	after the pup is born?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 4 marks

2.	(a)	(i)		1
four boxes must be drawn, decreasing in width towards the top, and all labels must be correct for the mark
(ii)	any one from		1
·  each animal eats lots of the	accept ‘DDT increases up the food chain’
   organism below it in the food
   chain
accept ‘the heron gets all the DDT in the other animals’
accept ‘the heron is at the top of the food chain’
	·  DDT is not easily excreted	accept ‘DDT is not excreted’
· DDT is not broken down	accept ‘DDT remains in the body’
	accept ‘DDT is stored in the body’
(b)	(i)	through the placenta	accept ‘through the umbilical cord’	1
	accept ‘from the mother’s blood’
(ii)	in milk	accept ‘through the mammary glands’	1
	accept ‘the mother breastfeeds the pup’
	accept ‘the mother feeds the pup herself’
‘the mother feeds the pup’ is insufficient
[4]

3.	In the 19th Century, a scientist called John Dalton used symbols to represent atoms. The symbols he used for atoms of three different elements are shown below.

	The diagrams below show different combinations of these atoms.

(a)	(i)	Give the letter of the diagram which shows a mixture of two elements.
...............
1 mark
(ii)	Give the letter of the diagram which shows a mixture of two compounds.
...............
1 mark
(iii)	Give the letter of the diagram which shows a mixture of an element and a compound.
...............
1 mark
(b)	Give one difference between a compound and a mixture.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c)	(i)	Suggest a name and formula for the substance represented in diagram B.
name ...........................................................
formula ...............
1 mark
(ii)	Suggest a name and formula for the substance represented in diagram D.
name ...........................................................
formula ...............
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

4.	(a)	(i)	A		1
(ii)	E		1
(iii)	C		1
(b)	any one from		1
·  a compound contains two or more	accept ‘a compound contains different
   elements chemically combined	elements or atoms of different types
   or bonded	joined together’
do not accept ‘a compound contains two or more atoms joined together’
	·  a mixture contains two or more	accept ‘a mixture can be separated by
   elements or compounds or	physical means’
   substances not chemically
   combined or bonded
‘a mixture can be separated’ is insufficient
(c)	(i)	any one from		1
·  name: oxygen    formula: O2
·  name: hydrogen    formula: H2
·  name: nitrogen    formula: N2
·  name: chlorine    formula: Cl2
accept any other element which exists as diatomic molecules in the gaseous state 
both the name and formula are required for the mark
do not accept ‘O’ or ‘H’ or ‘N’ or ‘Cl’

(ii)	any one from		1
·  name: carbon dioxide    formula: CO2
·  name: water    formula: H2O
·  name: sulphur dioxide  formula: SO2
·  name: nitrogen dioxide or nitrogen oxide   formula: NO2
accept any compound with the formula XY2, eg magnesium chloride MgCl2
both the name and formula are required for the mark
[6]

5.	(a)	The diagram below shows a car park barrier.

(i)	Calculate the turning moment produced by the barrier about the pivot.
Give the unit.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2 marks
(ii)	The barrier is horizontal. The weight of the barrier is balanced by an iron counterweight. Calculate the downward force produced by the counterweight.
.............................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................... N
1 mark

(b)	An electromagnet is placed beneath the iron counterweight as shown below.

	When the switch is closed the barrier rises.
Explain how the electromagnet can be used to raise the barrier.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
2 marks
maximum 5 marks

6.	(a)	(i)	75	accept ‘50 × 1.5’	1
Nm		1
do not accept lower case n
(ii)	750	accept ‘’ or ‘50 × 15’	1
	accept the numerical answer to part (i) ÷ 0.1
(b)	any one from		1
·  a current flows in the coil
·  the coil or the iron core	accept ‘there is a magnetic field’ or ‘the
   becomes magnetised	electromagnet switches on
do not accept ‘the core becomes magnetic’
	any one from		1
·  the counterweight is attracted
   to the coil or core or the
   electromagnet
·  the electromagnet produces a	accept ‘the left-hand side of the barrier
   bigger moment	moves down’
‘the right-hand side moves up’ is insufficient 
[5]

7.	(a)	Complete the word equation below for the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid.

1 mark
	Limestone is mainly calcium carbonate.  It is weathered by acids in the air or in soil.
(b)	In June 1990, a Year 9 class planned a long-term investigation into the chemical weathering of limestone by acids in soil. 
	They put limestone chippings of similar size in three nylon mesh bags. 
They buried the bags outside in soils of different pH.

(i)	Chemical weathering took place in sample A, and the mass of the sample decreased.
	Give the reason for the decrease in mass.  Use the word equation above to help you.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)	The pupils predicted that chemical weathering would not take place in samples B and C.
	Give the reason for their prediction.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(iii)	Some chemical weathering did take place in samples B and C.
What could have changed the conditions in these soils to cause weathering to take place?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c)	The table shows how the mass of each sample changed between the years 1990 and 2000.
	mass, in g 	
year	sample A, at 
pH 5	sample B, at 
pH 7	sample C, at 
pH 8	
1990	1000	1000	1000	
1995	980	992	997	
2000	960	984	995	

	In 2000, a year 9 class buried another identical 1000 g sample of limestone chippings in soil of pH 6.
(i)	Use the results in the table to predict an approximate value for the mass of this sample in 2010.
................. g
1 mark
(ii)	Why is it not possible to be certain what the mass of this sample will be in 2010?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 6 marks

8.	(a)	calcium chloride	do not accept the formula	1
(b)	(i)	any one from		1
•	a gas or carbon dioxide or CO2 was given off
•	water or H2O was formed and drained away or evaporated
accept ‘the chemicals formed are washed away’
accept ‘calcium chloride is more soluble than calcium carbonate’
do not accept ‘chemical weathering’
(ii)	any one from		1
•	the soils at B and C contain no acid or are not acidic
•	soil B is neutral and soil C is alkaline
•	the pH is higher or too high
(iii)	acid rain		1
accept a recognisable method of lowering the pH of the soil
(c)	(i)	any value greater than 960 but smaller than 984	1
(ii)	any one from		1
•	cannot control the environmental variables involved
•	pH of soil may vary
•	cannot predict rainfall during this time
•	cannot predict temperature during this time
accept ‘data in the table could be unreliable’
[6]

9.	A group of pupils recorded some different characteristics of pupils in their class.

	The table below shows their results.
name	gender	height,
in cm	mass,
in kg	hand span,
in cm	arm span,
in cm	eye colour	
Julie	girl	152	48	17.2	160	blue	
Laura	girl	157	54	15.0	141	green	
Aftab	boy	159	49	18.4	172	brown	
Jenna	girl	144	46	17.4	161	hazel	
Barry	boy	148	49	17.4	162	blue	
Oliver	boy	172	57	21.5	204	brown	
Safina	girl	155	48	16.8	158	brown	
Maria	girl	154	50	17.9	166	green	
Amanat	girl	162	46	16.2	150	brown	
Thomas	boy	157	49	19.9	186	blue	

(a)	Oliver concluded that boys do not have green eyes.
	Explain why his conclusion is not justified.
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)	Name two continuous variables in their table.
1. .....................................................
2.  .....................................................
1 mark
(c)	Look at the scatter graphs below.

	Use the data in the scatter graphs to show whether each of the conclusions below is true, false or you cannot tell.
	conclusions	true or false or cannot tell
	Graph C shows that the shortest pupil 
has the smallest hand span. 	........................................
	Graph B shows the strongest correlation 
between two variables.	........................................
	Graph A looks similar to graph C because of 
the high correlation of arm span to hand span.	........................................
	Boys are generally taller than girls.	........................................
2 marks
Maximum 4 marks

10.	(a)	any one from		1
•	only a small sample or insufficient evidence
accept ‘they only tested boys in their class’
•	a bigger sample may have boys with green eyes
(b)	any two from	both answers are required for the mark	1
•	armspan
•	handspan
•	height
•	mass
(c)	·	false		2
•	true
•	true
•	cannot tell
award two marks if all four answers are correct
award one mark for three or two correct answers
[4]

11.	Chris has two rubber party balloons. One is filled with air and the other is filled with helium.
Both balloons contain the same volume of gas.

(a)	(i)	Explain why the helium balloon rises.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)	Explain why the air balloon drops to the ground.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)	The chemical symbol for helium is He.
Explain why air does not have a chemical symbol or formula.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c)	The diagram below shows seven arrangements of particles.

	The two party balloons are coated with a thin layer of aluminium.
Give the letter of the diagram which best represents the particles in:
(i)	the helium gas; .......................
1 mark
(ii)	the air; .........................
1 mark
(iii)	the thin layer of aluminium. .........................
1 mark
(d)	Over several days, the balloons shrink because the particles of gas diffuse through the balloon and escape. The helium balloon shrinks more quickly than the air-filled balloon.
Answer the following questions in terms of particles.
(i)	Why does helium escape more quickly than air from a balloon?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)	A rubber balloon coated with aluminium takes longer to shrink than a rubber balloon without an aluminium coating.
Suggest a reason why gas particles diffuse more slowly through aluminium than through rubber.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 8 marks

12.	(a)	(i)	helium is less dense than air	accept ‘helium is lighter than air’	1
accept ‘the upthrust on the helium balloon is greater than the weight of the balloon’
(ii)	any one from		1
•	the air in the balloon is denser than the air in the room
accept ‘the air in the balloon is compressed’
•	the rubber has weight	accept ‘rubber is heavier than air’
accept ‘the rubber is denser than air’
accept ‘the upthrust on the air balloon is less than the weight of the balloon’
(b)	any one from		1
•	air is a mixture	accept ‘air contains different gases’
•	air is not a single element or compound
‘air is not a single substance’ is not sufficient
(c)	(i)	B		1
(ii)	C		1
(iii)	G		1
(d)	(i)	any one from		1
•	helium particles are smaller
accept ‘molecules’ or ‘atoms’ for particles
•	helium particles move faster
(ii)	any one from		1
•	aluminium particles or atoms are closer together
•	rubber particles or molecules are further apart
accept ‘rubber particles or molecules have bigger gaps between them’
[8]

13.	(a)	The diagram shows a human sperm cell.

(i)	What is the function of the nucleus of a sperm?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii)	Sperm use their tails to swim to the egg so that fertilisation can take place. 
Give one other way in which a sperm is adapted for fertilisation. Explain your answer.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)	The diagram shows the human male reproductive system.

	The testes are outside the main part of the body.
Suggest the relationship between temperature and sperm production.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)	A chemical called a hormone, which changes a boy’s body, is produced from adolescence onwards.
(i)	Where is this hormone produced?
...........................................
1 mark
(ii)	Describe one change caused by this hormone.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(d)	(i)	During sexual intercourse about 250 million sperm are released at a time into the body of a woman.
Why is it necessary to release so many sperm at a time?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)	Before being released from the body, sperm are mixed with a fluid. The fluid contains sugar.
Explain how and why a sperm makes use of the sugar.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 8 marks

14.	(a)	(i)	any one from		1
•	it controls the activities of the sperm or cell
•	it carries or passes on genetic information 
accept ‘passes on information’
•	it contains the genes	accept ‘it contains chromosomes’
do not accept ‘it carries all the genetic information of the baby’
•	fertilisation
(ii)	Both the adaptation and the reason are required for the mark.
any one from		1
•	streamlined or has a pointed head to help it swim or penetrate the egg
•	it produces a chemical to help it penetrate the egg
•	very little cytoplasm so it swims faster
(b)	the best temperature for making sperm is lower than body temperature	1
accept ‘a lower temperature is needed for producing sperm’
accept ‘at higher temperatures sperm might be defective’

(c)	(i)	in the testes or testis		1
(ii)	any one from		1
•	body hair or pubic hair or hairy armpits
do not accept ‘acne or spots’
•	facial hair or beard
•	breaking or lowering of the voice
•	growth of the penis or testes
do not accept ‘the testes drop’
•	body becomes more muscular
accept ‘shoulders broaden’ or ‘muscles develop’
•	sperm production begins
•	growth spurt	do not accept ‘grows taller’
(d)	(i)	any one from		1
•	to increase the chance of one reaching the egg or the oviduct
accept ‘to make sure an egg is fertilised’
•	most sperm die before reaching the egg or oviduct
accept ‘most do not reach the egg’
‘most sperm die’ is insufficient
(ii)	for respiration	accept ‘for energy’	1
do not accept ‘for food’
for movement or for swimming	1
accept ‘to reach the egg’
[8]

15.	Sadie and Tom carried out an experiment to investigate the digestion of starch using an enzyme called amylase.

(a)	Why was the mixture of enzyme and starch kept in a water bath?
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
	Sadie and Tom placed drops of iodine solution on a white tile. They know that starch will turn the iodine solution from brown to dark blue.
	Every 30 seconds they added a drop of the mixture of enzyme and starch to a drop of iodine solution on the tile. At first the drops turned blue, but after 240 s they stayed brown.
(b)	Why did the mixture stop turning the drops of iodine solution blue after 240 s?
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)	They then carried out the experiment with the water bath at 35°C. This time, the drops stopped turning blue after 120 s. How does raising the temperature from 25°C to 35°C affect the digestion of starch?
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d)	Sadie and Tom want to compare the experiment at 35°C with the results from the experiment at 25°C. Describe what they need to do to make this a fair comparison.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(e)	A balanced diet includes all of the substances in the following list.
	Starch	fat	fibre	minerals	protein	vitamins
(i)	Give the names of the two substances in the list which are absorbed into the blood without being digested.
1. ..................................................................……
2. ..................................................................……
1 mark
(ii)	Which substance in the list passes through the body without being digested?
..................................................................…….…
1 mark
Maximum 6 marks

16.	(a)	any one from		1
•	to keep the temperature constant
accept ‘to keep them at the correct temperature’
do not accept ‘to keep them at body temperature’
•	so that the experiment was not affected by a change in temperature in the room
•	to control the temperature or a variable

(b)	any one from		1
•	the starch had been digested or broken down or used up
•	there was no starch left
(c)	any one from		1
•	it doubled the speed	accept ‘it made it quicker’
	or ‘it increased the speed’
•	it halved the time taken	accept ‘it takes less time’
(d)	any one from		1
•	use the same amount of mixture or the same amount of enzyme and starch
accept ‘use the same size drops’
•	stir the mixture or stir the enzyme and starch
accept ‘use the same concentration of enzyme or starch or amylase’
•	use the same type of mixture
accept ‘use the same concentration of enzyme or starch or amylase’
(e)	(i)	minerals and vitamins	answers may be in either order	1
both substances are required for the mark
(ii)	fibre		1
 [6]

17.	Speed cameras are used to detect motorists who break the speed limit. A number of lines 2 m apart are painted on the road. As a speeding car crosses the painted lines, the camera takes two photographs, 0.5 s apart.

(a)	(i)	How far did the car move between the two photographs? 
Give the correct unit.
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)	How fast is the car in the photographs moving?
.................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................... m/s
1 mark

(b)	It takes 0.0002 s to take each photograph.
How far does the car move while the speed camera is taking one photograph?
.........................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................… m
1 mark
(c)	The speed camera gives out bright flashes to provide enough light for the photographs.
How does the light from the flash get back to the camera to produce the photographs?
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks

18.	(a)	(i)	16 m	unit required for the mark	1
(ii)	32	consequential marking applies	1
accept answer to(a)(i) ¸ 0.5
(b)	0.0064	accept ‘6.4 mm’ or ‘0.64 cm’	1
consequential marking applies
accept answer to (a)(ii) × 0.0002 s
(c)	it is scattered from the car or the road or the lines	1
accept ‘it is reflected’ or ‘it bounces off
[4]

19.	A flywheel is a rotating wheel which is used to store energy.

(a)	Energy must be transferred to a flywheel to make it rotate. How is the energy in the rotating flywheel classified?
Tick the correct box.
as chemical energy	
as kinetic energy	
as potential energy	
as thermal energy	
1 mark
(b)	A flywheel is rotating at a high speed. No energy is being supplied to it. The flywheel is used to turn a dynamo, and the energy from the dynamo is used to light a bulb.
(i)	The bulb is left connected until the flywheel stops rotating. Not all the energy stored in the flywheel is transferred to the bulb. Some of it is lost. Give two places from which it is lost, and explain how it is lost.
1.   ...........................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
2.   ...........................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
2 marks
(ii)	The experiment is repeated using a different bulb which gives out more energy each second. Compared to the first light bulb, describe how the second light bulb will affect the motion of the flywheel, and explain your answer.
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 5 marks

20.	(a)	as kinetic energy . Ö		1
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 
(b)	(i)	both the place and the method by which energy is lost are required
for each mark
answers may be in either order
•	from the axle or bearings by heat or sound	1
accept 'from the bearing by friction' or 'the bearings get hot
or 'from the axle when it squeaks'
•	from the wires by heat	accept 'the wires get hot'	1
accept 'from the dynamo as heat or sound' or 'from the dynamo when it gets hot or squeaks'
do not accept 'goes into the air as heat or sound'
(ii)	it slows down more quickly	accept 'it rotates for a shorter time'	1
do not accept 'it slows down'
	because it transfers energy to the bulb more quickly	1
accept 'because it transfers more energy to the bulb'
do not accept 'because it transfers energy to the bulb'
[5]

21.	The exhaust gases of a car with a petrol engine are analysed during its ‘MOT test’.  The results are shown below.

(a)	The air going into the engine contains about 20% of oxygen.
Explain why there is only 0.4% of oxygen in the exhaust gases coming out of the car engine.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b)	(i)	Petrol is a mixture of compounds which contains only carbon and hydrogen.  
Complete combustion of petrol produces carbon dioxide and one other substance.  What is this other substance?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)	When petrol is burned in the car engine, carbon monoxide is produced as well as carbon dioxide.
	Explain why carbon monoxide is dangerous and may kill you.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 3 marks

22.	(a)	any one from		1
•	used up in burning	accept ‘oxygen burned’
do not accept ‘used up’
•	it reacted with fuel or  petrol
•	formed carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide
accept ‘it has been turned into carbon dioxide’
(b)	(i)	water	accept ‘steam’ or ‘hydrogen oxide’	1
do not accept ‘hydroxide’
(ii)	it is poisonous or toxic	accept a reference to its being carried	1
by the blood in preference to oxygen
accept ‘it can form an explosive mixture with air’
do not accept ‘it damages the lungs’ or ‘it is harmful’
[3]

23.	Air is a gas at room temperature.  The chemical formulae below show some of the substances in the air.
Ar    CO2    H2O    N2    Ne    O2
(a)	Put these formulae in the correct columns in table A to show which substances are elements and which are compounds.
table A

1 mark
(b)	Put the formulae in the correct columns in table B to show whether the formula of each substance represents an atom or a molecule.
table B

1 mark

(c)	The coldest possible temperature is ‘absolute zero’, which is –273°C.  As air is cooled towards absolute zero it liquefies.  Table C gives the boiling points of the substances in air.
table C

	A sample of air at a temperature close to absolute zero is allowed to warm up.
Which substance boils first?
........................................
1 mark
(d)	Each particle of neon can be represented by a circle.  
	Carefully complete the diagrams below to show the arrangement of particles in neon gas and liquid neon.
	Use circles about    in size.

4 marks 
Maximum 7 marks

24.	(a)	all six formulae are required for the mark	1

(b)		all six formulae are required for the mark	1

(c)	Ne or neon		1
(d)	up to ten randomly arranged particles spaced throughout the box	1
accept just one particle

do not accept an empty box
	most of the particles are not in contact with each other	1
	the box almost full of particles of neon, more than 50% of which are touching	1
each other 
	the particles are randomly arranged		1

if the level of liquid is drawn then accept the circles drawn correctly below the liquid level

[7]

25.	Two mirrors at 90° to each other always reflect a ray of light back parallel to the incident ray.
(a)	(i)	In the diagram below, a ray of light strikes mirror 1 at an angle of 45°.
	Complete the diagram to show how the mirrors reflect the ray.
Use a ruler and a protractor.

1 mark
(ii)	In the next diagram, a ray of light strikes mirror 1 at a different angle.
	Complete the diagram to show how the mirrors reflect the ray.
Use a ruler and a protractor.

1 mark
(b)	Bicycles must have a reflector fixed to the rear mudguard or to the seat.

	The diagram shows part of a bicycle reflector and an incident ray of light. The light passes through the flat surface and is reflected from the small ‘mirrors’.

(i)	In which direction is the ray of light reflected?
............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)	At night, car drivers can easily see bicycle reflectors in the beam from their headlights. 
Explain why.
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
1 mark
(iii)	Why is a plane mirror not suitable as a bicycle reflector?
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks

26.	(a)	answers should be straight lines which meet mirror 2 with tolerances indicated by the hatching behind the mirror
(i)
		1
both rays required for the mark 
reflections at surfaces of the mirrors positioned within the range shown with reflected ray parallel to incident ray
disregard any arrows
(ii)
		1
both rays required for the mark 
reflections at surfaces of the mirrors positioned within the range shown with reflected ray parallel to incident ray
disregard any arrows
(b)	(i)	parallel to the incident ray or back towards the source	1
accept ‘back the same way’
accept correctly drawn rays on the diagram
do not accept ‘reflected back or upwards or to the left’
(ii)	light is reflected back towards car or driver or headlights	1
(iii)	light would probably not be reflected back towards car or driver	1
accept ‘light is reflected in a different direction or away’
do not accept ‘it would dazzle the driver’
[5]

27.	(a)	The diagram represents the flow of blood to and from a muscle.

(i)	What type of blood vessel is B? ..........................................................
1 mark
(ii)	Respiration takes place in the cells of the muscle. In the table, tick one box in each row to compare the concentrations of oxygen, glucose and carbon dioxide in blood vessels A and B.

3 marks

(b)	Blood flows into and out of all organs.
(i)	Name the organ represented in the diagram below.

	Name of organ ..................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)	A different organ is represented in the diagram below. Name this organ.

	Name of organ ..................................................................................
1 mark
(c)	When a person has an alcoholic drink, the alcohol passes into blood and is circulated throughout the body.
(i)	Alcohol in the blood causes the blood vessels in the skin to become wider. What effect will this have on the body?
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)	Alcohol abuse has short-term and long-term effects. Which one of the following is a long-term effect on alcohol abuse?
	Tick the correct box.
shorter reaction time 		short sightedness 	
damage to liver		damage to bones	
1 mark
Maximum 8 marks

28.	(a)	(i)	a vein		1
(ii)	
	3
if more than one box is ticked in any row, award no mark for that row
(b)	(i)	lung or lungs	do not accept ‘air sac’ or ‘alveolus’	1
(ii)	small intestine	accept ‘intestine’ or ‘ileum’	1
do not accept ‘stomach’ or ‘gut’ or ‘digestive system’
(c)	the answer should refer either to it causing cooling of the body or to 
the effect it has on the skin
(i)	any one from		1
•	cools the body	accept ‘lose heat’
•	skin feels warm	accept ‘feels hot’ or ‘sweating’
•	red skin or flushed	accept ‘lets more blood through’
do not accept ‘makes you warmer or hotter’
(ii)	damage to liver Ö	if more than one box is ticked,	1
award no mark
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29.	John connects up the circuit shown below.

	The bulb is not bright enough.  His friend suggests four circuits which could be used to make the bulb brighter.

(a)	Which is the correct circuit to use: A, B, C or D? ..............................................
1 mark
	Next John sets up circuit E and notes the reading on the ammeter.

	He then places another bulb in the circuit, to make circuit F.  He notes the ammeter reading in circuit F.

(b)	How will the ammeter reading in circuit F compare with that in circuit E?
	The reading in F is ............................................................................................
1 mark
	Explain you answer. ..........................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)	Draw a circuit diagram in which two bulbs are lit as brightly as the bulb in circuit E, and the ammeter reading is the same as in circuit E.

1 mark
Maximum 4 marks

30.	(a)	circuit A	if more than one letter is given	1
award no mark
(b)	smaller or lower	accept ‘half’	1
	any one from		1
•	because the resistance is larger	accept ‘the resistance is smaller in E’
•	because the current has to flow through more bulbs
accept ‘because there are more bulbs’
do not accept ‘because two bulbs use up more energy’ or ‘because the current is less’
(c)	If the two bulbs are in series, then two cells are needed.  	1
The ammeter may be anywhere in the series circuit e.g.

	If the two bulbs are in parallel, then the ammeter must be in one of the branches of the circuit e.g.

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